Augustinian controversy within Christianity

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The philosophical origins of Marx’s thought have been a topic of important debate with many studies locating Marx’s early thought in Christian theology. The early Marx often reads like a quasi-theologian when he discusses ideas of universality and the emancipation of the proletariat. 

The deconstructionist philosopher Jacob Taubes identifies certain strains of mystical Christianity as a formative genealogical precursor to Marx’s idea of dialectical history and universality. Specifically, Taubes locates Hegel’s and Marx’s thought in the writings of the 12th century theologian Joachim of Fiore and his idea of salvation-based apocalyptic history which he argues serves as the first materialist dialectical account of historical change. The philosophers Giorgio Agamben and Alain Badiou have similarly sought the theological origins of Marx in St. Paul and his idea of universal Christian community.

A neglected reading of the philosophical and theological origins of Marxist thought is presented in the work of Leszek Kołakowski, the twentieth century scholar of Marxism, who locates Marx’s philosophical thought in Neoplatonism. Kołakowski’s genealogy locates Marxism as deeply embedded in the Neoplatonist idea of the contingency of the absolute and he importantly extends this insight into the Augustinian controversy within Christianity between the theologians Pelagius and Jansenius.

https://danieltutt.com/2019/04/05/the-neoplatonist-pre-history-of-marxism/

Kołakowski’s genealogy suggests that instead of locating Marx within the Enlightenment, or even within the early Christiran community, we should pick up Marx’s thought as a renewal of the Augustinian tradition coming out of Neoplatonism.

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