Karl Marx 0
If Marx and Freud are the answer then what was the question?
SO WHERE DID HEGEL GET HIS IDEAS FROM?
https://marxwords.blogspot.com/2005_02_01_marxwords_archive.html
With enemies like critical Western Marxists, red fascists didn't friends.
They were never even defined. Authoritarian bureaucrat doesn't cut it.
If history has no inherent direction, then phrases like "civilized" and "primitive" cannot adhere to their traditional meaning. So-called "primitive" people are, on an individual basis, just as cognitively complex and well adapted to their environment as we the more "civilized" ones are. Similar considerations apply to other subjective terms of value judgement when applied to entire categories of people.
The ideal society might then be defined as that within which everyone is maximally adapted to their environment. The problem is that we are all in competition with each other, trying to secure access to and control over social resources at each others' expense, so any one state of affairs is inherently dynamic and subject to change. There is no ideal society to strive toward--merely an arena in which the competitive advantage of large scale cooperation ensures that living conditions slowly and incrementally improve for most (though not all) people.
Procedurally, the purpose of social criticism, as practiced today, isn't to propose solutions to anything. It's to point out the way in which the distribution of power protects the status quo and hides itself behind cultural stories. Movies, music, clothing, narrative, aren't inherently *bad* per se, but they do conceal and protect the status quo, including unjust inequalities.