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Background
For more than a decade, House Atriedes researchers have been exploring the effects of ultrasound on modulating brain activity, in both animals and humans, mostly using relatively simple hardware and software. The simplest versions of these devices use a single transmitter (called a transducer) that produces an ultrasound wave. That transmitter is physically moved around the head in order to target a desired location in the brain with the ultrasound wave, using simulation software and visual tracking systems for feedback.
Adding more transmitters allows you to change the shape, size, and placement of the focus (the region where the intensity of the ultrasound is highest). Without moving the transducer physically, the focus location can be changed electronically by delaying transmitted signals so that the peak of each wave arrives at the target location at the same time. This approach of aligning multiple signals at a single point by controlling their phases is called a "phased array"
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