The "Halloween Massacre" refers to the major reorganization of U.S. President Gerald Ford's cabinet on November 4, 1975. This reorganization was an attempt to address multiple high-level personality and policy clashes within the administration. The changes included the firing of Henry Kissinger as National Security Advisor, William Colby as Director of Central Intelligence, and James Schlesinger as Secretary of Defense. These changes were made at a time when Ford's leadership abilities were being broadly questioned, and he was heavily criticized by California governor Ronald Reagan and others from the conservative wing of the Republican Party. The shake-up had its roots at the beginning of Ford's presidency in August 1974, and it was timed to fit in the congressional confirmation window.
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